1981–2010 normals; ECCC quality code “D” (A = WMO “3 and 5 rule”; B ≥ 25 years; C ≥ 20 years; D ≥ 15 years of data). An average is not a guarantee: a late frost is still possible.
| 10% | 25% | 33% | 50% | 66% | 75% | 90% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost (0 °C or lower) on or after | May 14 | May 5 | April 29 | April 27 | April 24 | April 23 | April 17 |
| Fall frost on or before | October 1 | October 5 | October 6 | October 14 | October 20 | October 22 | November 4 |
| Frost-free period ≤ (days) | 147 | 160 | 162 | 166 | 172 | 180 | 189 |
Example: the spring 10% column is the date after which a frost occurs in only one year in ten.
| Start tomatoes, peppers and eggplant indoors | March 3 – March 17 |
| Sow peas, spinach, lettuce and radish outdoors (frost-tolerant) | March 31 – April 14 |
| Plant potatoes and onion sets | April 14 – April 28 |
| Transplant tomatoes and peppers; sow beans, corn, squash and cucumbers | May 5 – May 19 |
| Last sowing of quick crops (radish, lettuce, spinach) | August 28 – September 12 |
| Harvest or cover frost-tender crops | October 5 – October 12 |
| Plant garlic and spring bulbs | October 12 – November 9 |
General gardening rules of thumb computed from this station's average last/first frost dates; they are not ECCC data. Adjust to local conditions and seed-packet instructions.
Environment and Climate Change Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (station data, MSC Datamart) (30-year averages; not updated). Retrieved 2026-10-18 19:09 UTC.
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
OpenCanadaData is independent and is not affiliated with or endorsed by these data publishers. Always check with the official source before you go.