1981–2010 normals; ECCC quality code “C” (A = WMO “3 and 5 rule”; B ≥ 25 years; C ≥ 20 years; D ≥ 15 years of data). An average is not a guarantee: a late frost is still possible.
| 10% | 25% | 33% | 50% | 66% | 75% | 90% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost (0 °C or lower) on or after | June 9 | June 1 | May 31 | May 26 | May 19 | May 16 | May 10 |
| Fall frost on or before | September 12 | September 17 | September 21 | September 26 | September 29 | October 4 | October 7 |
| Frost-free period ≤ (days) | 101 | 112 | 113 | 118 | 131 | 140 | 144 |
Example: the spring 10% column is the date after which a frost occurs in only one year in ten.
| Start tomatoes, peppers and eggplant indoors | March 27 – April 10 |
| Sow peas, spinach, lettuce and radish outdoors (frost-tolerant) | April 24 – May 8 |
| Plant potatoes and onion sets | May 8 – May 22 |
| Transplant tomatoes and peppers; sow beans, corn, squash and cucumbers | May 29 – June 12 |
| Last sowing of quick crops (radish, lettuce, spinach) | August 14 – August 29 |
| Harvest or cover frost-tender crops | September 21 – September 28 |
| Plant garlic and spring bulbs | September 28 – October 26 |
General gardening rules of thumb computed from this station's average last/first frost dates; they are not ECCC data. Adjust to local conditions and seed-packet instructions.
Environment and Climate Change Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (station data, MSC Datamart) (30-year averages; not updated). Retrieved 2026-10-18 19:05 UTC.
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
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