1981–2010 normals; ECCC quality code “D” (A = WMO “3 and 5 rule”; B ≥ 25 years; C ≥ 20 years; D ≥ 15 years of data). An average is not a guarantee: a late frost is still possible.
| 10% | 25% | 33% | 50% | 66% | 75% | 90% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost (0 °C or lower) on or after | July 16 | July 9 | July 3 | June 29 | June 23 | June 19 | June 9 |
| Fall frost on or before | July 19 | July 22 | July 23 | July 31 | August 13 | August 19 | August 23 |
| Frost-free period ≤ (days) | 9 | 16 | 22 | 37 | 45 | 49 | 71 |
Example: the spring 10% column is the date after which a frost occurs in only one year in ten.
| Start tomatoes, peppers and eggplant indoors | May 3 – May 17 |
| Sow peas, spinach, lettuce and radish outdoors (frost-tolerant) | May 31 – June 14 |
| Plant potatoes and onion sets | June 14 – June 28 |
| Transplant tomatoes and peppers; sow beans, corn, squash and cucumbers | July 5 – July 19 |
| Last sowing of quick crops (radish, lettuce, spinach) | June 19 – July 4 |
| Harvest or cover frost-tender crops | July 27 – August 3 |
| Plant garlic and spring bulbs | August 3 – August 31 |
General gardening rules of thumb computed from this station's average last/first frost dates; they are not ECCC data. Adjust to local conditions and seed-packet instructions.
Environment and Climate Change Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (station data, MSC Datamart) (30-year averages; not updated). Retrieved 2026-10-18 19:14 UTC.
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
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