1981–2010 normals; ECCC quality code “D” (A = WMO “3 and 5 rule”; B ≥ 25 years; C ≥ 20 years; D ≥ 15 years of data). An average is not a guarantee: a late frost is still possible.
| 10% | 25% | 33% | 50% | 66% | 75% | 90% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost (0 °C or lower) on or after | May 29 | May 24 | May 23 | May 21 | May 16 | May 13 | May 4 |
| Fall frost on or before | September 5 | September 12 | September 13 | September 16 | September 18 | September 19 | September 24 |
| Frost-free period ≤ (days) | 102 | 110 | 113 | 120 | 123 | 133 | 137 |
Example: the spring 10% column is the date after which a frost occurs in only one year in ten.
| Start tomatoes, peppers and eggplant indoors | March 23 – April 6 |
| Sow peas, spinach, lettuce and radish outdoors (frost-tolerant) | April 20 – May 4 |
| Plant potatoes and onion sets | May 4 – May 18 |
| Transplant tomatoes and peppers; sow beans, corn, squash and cucumbers | May 25 – June 8 |
| Last sowing of quick crops (radish, lettuce, spinach) | August 1 – August 16 |
| Harvest or cover frost-tender crops | September 8 – September 15 |
| Plant garlic and spring bulbs | September 15 – October 13 |
General gardening rules of thumb computed from this station's average last/first frost dates; they are not ECCC data. Adjust to local conditions and seed-packet instructions.
Environment and Climate Change Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (station data, MSC Datamart) (30-year averages; not updated). Retrieved 2026-10-18 18:56 UTC.
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
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