1981–2010 normals; ECCC quality code “D” (A = WMO “3 and 5 rule”; B ≥ 25 years; C ≥ 20 years; D ≥ 15 years of data). An average is not a guarantee: a late frost is still possible.
| 10% | 25% | 33% | 50% | 66% | 75% | 90% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring frost (0 °C or lower) on or after | April 5 | March 20 | March 17 | March 6 | February 28 | February 23 | February 10 |
| Fall frost on or before | November 1 | November 9 | November 10 | November 23 | November 29 | November 30 | December 15 |
| Frost-free period ≤ (days) | 217 | 238 | 242 | 250 | 281 | 287 | 297 |
Example: the spring 10% column is the date after which a frost occurs in only one year in ten.
| Start tomatoes, peppers and eggplant indoors | January 8 – January 22 |
| Sow peas, spinach, lettuce and radish outdoors (frost-tolerant) | February 5 – February 19 |
| Plant potatoes and onion sets | February 19 – March 5 |
| Transplant tomatoes and peppers; sow beans, corn, squash and cucumbers | March 12 – March 26 |
| Last sowing of quick crops (radish, lettuce, spinach) | October 9 – October 24 |
| Harvest or cover frost-tender crops | November 16 – November 23 |
| Plant garlic and spring bulbs | November 23 – December 21 |
General gardening rules of thumb computed from this station's average last/first frost dates; they are not ECCC data. Adjust to local conditions and seed-packet instructions.
Environment and Climate Change Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (station data, MSC Datamart) (30-year averages; not updated). Retrieved 2026-10-18 19:00 UTC.
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
OpenCanadaData is independent and is not affiliated with or endorsed by these data publishers. Always check with the official source before you go.